DIAGNOSIS
HE is a diagnosis of "exclusion."
Alternative diagnosis
must be ruled out (examples):
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Toxic, infectious or metabolic causes.
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Nutrient deficiencies (especially B vitamins- potentially masked by MTHFR gene variants)
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Other autoimmune encephalitis with known antibodies (see here)
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Traditional (non-autoimmune) epilepsy
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Complications of thyroid disease
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Migraine variants
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Parathyroid tumors
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Adrenal insufficiency
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Diagnosing
Testing blood and spinal fluid for:
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Antithyroid autoantibodies including Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO) or Thyroglobulin Antibody (TgAb)
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Thyroid and Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody (TRAb)
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Check for the presence of other antibodies associated with cognitive or psychiatric symptoms such as Anti-NMDA Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis or other AE's. (See here)
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Vital lab tests to rule out life-threatening or debilitating conditions such as viral or bacterial encephalitis, meningitis or Creutzfedt-Jakov disease.
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Check for presence of inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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Protein levels
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Glucose levels
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Oligoclonal bands
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Opening pressure in the CSF
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Checked for significant vitamin deficiency
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Presence of heavy metals
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PET or SPECT scans to look for hypoperfusion or hypometabolism
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MRI to check for evidence of physical damage to brain
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EEG to look for evidence of seizure-activity or of noticeable slight slowing
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Neuropsychological testing to objectively identify specific areas and degrees of impairment.
MAYO Clinic Lab Panel: Spinal Fluid
Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid
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Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum