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Diagnosis of Exclusion

DIAGNOSIS

HE is a diagnosis of "exclusion."

Alternative diagnosis

must be ruled out (examples):

  • Toxic, infectious or metabolic causes.

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  • Nutrient deficiencies (especially B vitamins- potentially masked by MTHFR gene variants)

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  • Other autoimmune encephalitis with known antibodies (see here)

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  • Traditional (non-autoimmune) epilepsy

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  • Complications of thyroid disease

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  • Migraine variants

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  • Parathyroid tumors

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  • Adrenal insufficiency

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Diagnosing

Diagnosing

Testing blood and spinal fluid for:

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  • Antithyroid autoantibodies including Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPO) or Thyroglobulin Antibody (TgAb)

 

  • Thyroid and Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody (TRAb)

 

  • Check for the presence of other antibodies associated with cognitive or psychiatric symptoms such as Anti-NMDA Receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis or other AE's. (See here)

 

  • Vital lab tests to rule out life-threatening or debilitating conditions such as viral or bacterial encephalitis, meningitis or Creutzfedt-Jakov disease. 

 

  • Check for presence of inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

 

  • Protein levels

 

  • Glucose levels

 

  • Oligoclonal bands

 

  • Opening pressure in the CSF

 

  • Checked for significant vitamin deficiency

 

  • Presence of heavy metals

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PET or SPECT scans to look for hypoperfusion or hypometabolism

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MRI to check for evidence of physical damage to brain

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EEG to look for evidence of seizure-activity or of noticeable slight slowing

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Neuropsychological testing to objectively identify specific areas and degrees of impairment.

MAYO Clinic Lab Panel: Spinal Fluid

Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid

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MAYO Clinic Lab Panel: Serum

Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Serum

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This website is not a substitute for independent professional advice. Nothing contained on this website is intended to be used as medical advice. No content is intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease, nor should it be used for therapeutic purposes or as a substitute for your own health professional’s advice.

Content published to this website not evaluated by a medical professional unless otherwise noted. Articles and studies are linked to for personal reference, not to provide advice, diagnosis, or treatment of any medical condition or suspected medical condition.

Although you will find a great deal of information about HE/SREAT and Seronegative AE here, it is intended to provide information only. HESA cannot provide medical advice. If you have HE/SREAT or Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis, or think you may have it, consult a qualified neurologist, preferably one with experience addressing immune-mediated illness. HESA shall not be held responsible for the contents of links to studies, their errors, omissions, or any malicious software they may contain.

All information is provided for your personal use and research without warranty.

© 2022 Hashimoto's Encephalopathy SREAT Alliance
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